• According to the Project Management Institute (PMI) in PMBOK Guide 2000. − ‘Projects are defined as complex efforts, made up of interrelated tasks, to be completed within a limited time frame and budget, with a well-defined set of objectives.’
− Is the work expected to produce some unique output or product?
− Is the work expected to be completed in pre-determined limited time?
− Are there ways of knowing when it is completed?
Examples of Projects:
− research and development projects to launch new products or services,
− new business or expansion projects,
− infrastructure and civil engineering projects,
− organizational reform projects,
− relocation projects, social welfare and development projects, etc.
Examples of “Non-Projects”:
− Running a company or managing a department (government agency, school, hospital etc.) with on-going operations where activities are repeated,
− objectives and budgets are updated periodically,
Project Characteristics:Project Management Definition
• Projects are highly Complex.Project Management Definition
− Complexity here means that projects normally consist of many inter-related activities, and involve people from different units and functional departments to work together toward the completion of the project objectives.
− Project manager and staff are required to be more of a generalist than a specialist, to acquire a wider range of different skills and expertise.
• Projects are Temporary by nature.
− It means that projects exist only for a period of time.
• Projects vastly differ from each other
− This uniqueness means as manager, you cannot rely on ready-made solutions from previous or similar projects.
• Project is dynamic nature
− Projects are changing process to produce some new product or condition
−
Project Management Triangle, where each side represents a constraint. One side of the triangle cannot be changed without impacting the others. The constraints are:
• Scope.
• Time.
• Cost.
• Projects usually go through typical stages with different tasks, key people involved and challenges
− Conceptualization: Most projects start with this phase, where the need, or the opportunity, for a project is recognized and assessed at different levels. In this phase, the project scope is taking shape, benefits and costs are evaluated, key people involved and financing sources are identified
− Planning: In this phase activities include specifying the project objectives and activities, estimating the resources required, scheduling the activities, and assigning and organizing people responsible for the project completion
• Projects usually go through typical stages with different tasks, key people involved and challenges
− Conceptualization: Most projects start with this phase, where the need, or the opportunity, for a project is recognized and assessed at different levels. In this phase, the project scope is taking shape, benefits and costs are evaluated, key people involved and financing sources are identified
− Planning: In this phase activities include specifying the project objectives and activities, estimating the resources required, scheduling the activities, and assigning and organizing people responsible for the project completion
• Projects usually go through typical stages with different tasks, key people involved and challenges. Project Management Definition
− Execution: In this phase project activities are carried out and resources are managed toward project completion.
− Close out: In this phase the output of the project are tested, evaluated, and turned over to whoever will take care of the follow-up operations or usage. The books of the project team will be finalized, final report prepared, and the project team disbanded
• Projects usually go through typical stages with different tasks, key people involved and challenges
− Execution: In this phase project activities are carried out and resources are managed toward project completion.
− Close out: In this phase the output of the project are tested, evaluated, and turned over to whoever will take care of the follow-up operations or usage. The books of the project team will be finalized, final report prepared, and the project team disbanded
Major activities in any project
• Analysis & design of objectives and events
• Planning the work according to the objectives
• Assessing and controlling risk
• Estimating resources
• Allocation of resources
• Organizing the work
• Acquiring human and material resources
• Assigning tasks
• Directing activities
• Controlling project execution
• Tracking and reporting progress
• Analyzing the results based on the facts achieved
• Defining the products of the project
• Forecasting future trends in the project
• Quality Management
• Issues management
• Issue solving
• Defect prevention
• Identifying, managing & controlling changes
• Communicating to stakeholders
• Increasing/ decreasing a company's workers
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